We developed imaging methodologies that improved understanding of tumor growth and its microenvironment (NIH CA136927 R01 grant). We have shown that the hypoxia map estimated from dynamic FMISO (18F-fluoromisonidazole) PET study correlates with MRI studies of hypoxia, while simultaneous FMISO-PET and MRI imaging improves biological tumor characterization and allows for individualization of treatment strategies [29390631]. We explained the physiology of anti-angiogenic therapy and related changes in tumor cell proliferation and vasculature through kinetic analysis of dynamic 18F-FLT (3′-deoxy-3′-18F-fluorothymidine) PET imaging. We have also shown that microscopic tissue properties that can be identified through texture metrics in PET images can differentiate between responders and non-responders to immunology treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer.